Essay on Literature Review for Nursing Researh - 1357 Words

A. Problem Description Hourly patient rounding, according to Neville, is a preset timing, usually every hour or every two hour, in which tasks are performed by nurses as a way to check in on the patients (Neville, 2012). The concept of hourly rounding by nurses is not new. Infact, it is a way nurses organize their work and address important issues as they go about their day. There are other types of rounding in the hospitals such as interdisciplinary rounds and medical rounds, but these are done perhaps daily or a few times a week. It is the focus of this paper to address three relevant headings related to nursing hourly rounding through research literature and review. With hourly rounding, nurses can independently initiate and†¦show more content†¦(2006). Efects of nursing rounds on patients’ call light use, satisfaction, and safety. American Journal of Nursing, 106(9), 58-70. Assi, M. et al (2008). Why making the rounds makes sense. American Nurse Today, 3(2), 12. Lowe, Hodgson (2012). Hourly rounding in a high dependency unit. Nursing Standard, 27(8), 35-40. Date of acceptance: June 25, 2012. Hutchings, M., Ward, P., and Bloodworth, K. (2013). Caring around the clock: a new approach to intentional rounding. Nursing Management, 20(5), 24-30. Halms, M. (20090. Hourly rounds: What does the evidence indicate? American Journal of Critical Care, 18(6), 581-584. Moran, J. (2011). Improving care on mental health wards with hourly nurse rounds. Nursing Management, 18(1), 22-26. Blakley, D., Kroth, M., and Gregson, J. (2011). The impact of nurse rounding on patient satisfaction in a medical-surgical hospital unit. MEDSURG Nursing, 20(6), 327-332. Weigram, B. and Raymond, S. (2008). Using evidence-based nursing rounds to improve patient outcomes. MEDSURG Nursing, 17(6), 429-430. Tucker, S. et al (First Quarter 2012). Outcomes and challenges in implementing hourly rounds to reduce falls in orthopedic units. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 9(1), 18-29. Date of electronic publication: Sep. 19, 2011. Gardner, G. et al (2009). Measuring the effect of patient comfort rounds on practice environment and patient satisfaction: A pilot study. International Journal ofShow MoreRelatedNursing research.5083 Words   |  21 Pagesparents and nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36(4), 591-599. This study looks at the views of parents and nurses about the involvement of parents in the management of their childs pain during the first 48 hours after surgery. The second piece of research is a quantitative piece by Dekyser F.G., Cohen B.B. Wagner N. (2001). Titled: knowledge levels and attitudes of staff nurses in Israel towards complementary and alternative medicine. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 36(1), 41-48. The purpose of this

The Effects Of Music On Elementary School - 867 Words

Music is very important to me and I think that it is something that we take for granted. I didn’t realize this before I got to college. After coming to college, I realized that many students do not have the musical privilege that I had. I have always had a music class since I was in Kindergarten. To me, music was just another class that I had to take. I had mixed feelings about music in grade school because sometimes I felt forced to do certain things relating to music. Sometimes our teachers would yell at us to practice and this made me had negative feelings at the time. Other times, I loved and looked forward to my music classes because I could get away from the actual classroom and schoolwork. I feel very fortunate that I had all of these musical opportunities now, after realizing that this is not the case for all students. I started playing the viola when I was in third grade. I enjoyed it so much, that I actually ended up playing it until my senior year of high school. I wasn’t the best one, but I loved this part of my musical experience. I was able to go on a trip with my high school’s band and orchestra to Russia and Poland. I never would have got this experience if music didn’t exist. I played for many different groups all over Russia and learned a lot about the culture there. Music is something that can be understood all over the world, so this was a very rewarding experience being able to play music for people who didn’t even speak the same languageShow MoreRelatedResearch Summary : School Supplies In The Classroom1517 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Summary: School Supplies in the Classroom Teachers see lack of supplies and curriculum, unreliable internet service in their schools Key Concepts A survey given to public school instructors reported that teachers believe art, tutoring, music, and library time are necessities An average of $500 a year are spent on school supplies for each teacher’s classroom, taken directly from the instructor’s wallet themselves Elementary school teachers spend more money on school supplies for their studentsRead MoreSample Bibliography : 20 Important Benefits Of Music1035 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography â€Å"20 Important Benefits of Music In Our Schools.† National Association for Music Education, 21 July 2014, www.nafme.org/20-important-benefits-of-music-in-our-schools/. This source is an online article from a credible source: The National Association for Music Education (NAFME). The actual author is unknown. This source presents twenty significant advantages of music in schools. The advantages presented are actual facts due to studies performed. This article is important to myRead MoreMusic at Its Finest1454 Words   |  6 Pagesbe. Even schools try to make learning a better experience for all grades. District board members fight for extracurricular programs because they know that not only do the kids enjoy them but it also gives them the chance to branch out and do something fun while also getting a good education. The Troy community has supported our district enough that Troy Middle School and Troy Buchanan High School get to have a phenomenal music program that allows kids to express themselves with music. 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I could not agreeRead MoreThe Decline Of Music Education1432 Words   |  6 PagesDecrescendo: The Decline of Music Education and The Importance to Preserve it Across the United States many elementary school music classrooms are filled with simple and popular tunes such as Hot Cross Buns and The Ode to Joy, played on the recorder, while high school students may be playing collegiate or professional pieces of music such as Armenian Dances and Carmen Suites. I have been very fortunate to have gone on the journey of progressing through different music education programs withinRead MoreMusic Education and the Benefits Essay examples1700 Words   |  7 Pages Most understand that music is a useful tool for relaxation and leisure time. Fewer know that learning a musical instrument, or even listening to music for long periods of time, can have a positive impact on one’s academic abilities. Numerous researchers and college professors have looked into this correlation and again and again have produced data that confirms this common theory. Studying music can not only improve academic skills, but sharpen motor skills, memory, and create a well rounded, enrichedRead MoreKeep Music Education in Schools Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the declining economy, school boards around the country have decided to cut funding to the music education programs. It is necessary to keep music education in the American school system because it enhances the development of skills that children will use for the rest of their lives. Musical development can start as early as before birth. Hearing is the first sense that a baby acquires and it is acquired in utero (McCutcheon 1). The first sounds that a baby hears are the mother’s voice andRead MoreHow Does Playing Music While Studying Relate to College Students Gpa?1746 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Students have the ability to play music while they are studying. Studies have shown mixed results when it comes to listening to music while studying. This present study examines the differences in music listening habits while studying of students with low and high GPAs. Students with low GPAs did not listen to music more than students with high GPAs while studying. However, when listening to music while reading was examined, there was a difference between low and high GPA students

Indian Economy Performance and Policies

Question: Discuss about the Indian Economy for Performance and Policies. Answer: Inrtroduction: This essay-outline deals with the purchasing department of an organization namely procurement of raw material, acquisitions, merger in short all the purchasing operations related to an organization ensuring best use of material available with focus on reliability, profitability, quality, timeliness, cost-effectiveness, availability, sustainability, toxicity etc. With so many factors on which it depends some of the major ones listed and some not listed became prominent for one kind of organization and it becomes dormant for the other organization and some of them loose importance in the markets which are distinguished from one-another on cultural-values, language, ethnicity, food, dressing etc. while at the same other gains importance. (Purchasing Manager Job Description, Human Resource Center) Glaxo-Smith-Kline (GSK) is one of the leading pharmaceutical companies of the world and its pan presence in different parts of world from less to more known positions has grown due to continuous innovation based on research and its laboratories which has allowed the organization to grow prolifically in the past. Its investment into the pharmaceutical drug, vaccine and consumer healthcare products with focus on healthy life can be said to be a major goal which has allowed it to extend its facilities deep into the developing countries by collaborating with the local players or extending its arms through acquisition and merger. It has established its labs at various places in the world which has allowed it to fulfill its objective of supplying low cost, comparatively, drugs to various parts of world. Much of its competitors are spread around the world and with its major marked in developing countries it has allowed itself to grow throughout with increased laboratories and vendors with m ore than 200 products (Our Value Chain Approach). With employee strength worth one lakh and revenue over 25 billion pounds the British company is one of the leading pharmaceutical company of the world. Policies: Suppliers If we see the policies and its way to work GSK uses its suppliers with following points in mind: To create better ways of manufacturing with reduction in carbon emissions By allowing enhancing research it has several times since its establishment diverted funds to allow research to reach its peak level. With concentration on vaccine development and considerable investment of the order of 500 million pound in it GSK has allowed itself to develop innovative medicines with advanced immunization program With Global vaccine action plan (GVAP) it is poised to fight the menace of tuberculosis, malaria, dengue fever and HIV (GSK and the Decade of vaccines, 2011) Around 16000 scientists around the world working on companys vaccination program to allow immunization to spread to different parts of the world. It has time and again entered into merger and acquisitions to allow itself to grow both horizontally as well as vertically It is based on knowledge expertise which it gets through its various channels of recruitment process as well as it caters them through research to allow innovative drugs to be injected into the market Its policy to get itself engaged with local vendor, government bodies and has allowed it to extend its reach to poorest of the countries If we see supplier of the company GSK can be an institution which provides it with the manpower and knowledge expertise. It can be chemical factories like BASF or others which will provide with high quality chemical-agents which will allow it to develop its product smoothly and fluently. Thirdly it can be builders who will help it in establishment of high net-worth laboratories laced with all the equipment which will help him raise the quality standard of its products. (GSK Annual Report 2015) Recommendation: Suppliers Recommendations for the selection of the suppliers and decisions hence required for supplier selection: To engage with only those suppliers which are accredited with certified bodies in toxic management, pollution levels and green-house gases emissions so that it is able to fulfill its objectives of attaining lower carbon emissions. Particularly it has an objective to decrease the levels of particulate material which is possible through the use of raw materials which in this case are chemicals which are non-toxic in nature. To set parameters for recruitment of scientist from the local area so that it leads to removal of poverty as well as allows development of the area by giving employment in the concerned area. To establish world class laboratories with high-tech infrastructure and quality material so that it achieves best design and research which leads to quality products in the area. It allows laboratories to function well in the area. To use disposable-syringes which are self-destructive after first use so that spread of diseases through blood, transfusion and injectable decreases. Toxic substances should be reduced in usage by processes which also in addition to removal of toxic substances make them as a biodegradable so that when they are disposed of both from laboratories or after usage. To use substances from quality accredited bodies only. It should have a sound knowledge base by taking advice of research institutions as well as professional bodies so that more value based propositions are created and it leads to better opportunities. Institutional set-up in the form of colleges, laboratories etc. Development of product-based value supply chain and hiring up of special purchasing managers. ICT: In Suppliers Information Communication and Technology can be a precursor for newer day technology and their dissemination to the common man both for the purpose of knowledge and usage of the given products of the company by the poorest of the person in the most suitable way so that to enable the motto of Health for All objective of the company. With today being the age of technology and everything going on internet with quick time access and whole process of supply to delivery taking lesser and lesser time with the speed increasing it is possible now to do the make-to-order in few minutes even in the industry of today. Especially in the food industry and medical industry we see there is very short time from the time-of-order to the delivery-of-order and with time there is an increase in such type of facilities to take route through various communication medium making distance look small. E-commerce has enabled to increase the reach as well as reduced the significant labor required to demonstrate the efficiency now in the supply chain leading to increase in speed from order-to-delivery. This being external to the institution and considering inside the institution we can see various communication devices and software like ERP taking the place of manual ledgers and registers. Softwares like ERP has allowed the management of internal processes of the company to be maintained in better ways and has also reduced the burden on the office registers and racks with all things available at the finger tips through the software. It has helped in not only in easing out the maintenance of the software of the company but also has allowed in exploring new business opportunities quickly and all are now more penetrative. So ERP simplifies exchange, holding, processing, dissemination, processing, supporting and based on the past to reevaluate stand of business and to look for the newer business opportunities. (Chemicals and Raw Materials) In the same manner it is also true that in now-a-days ICT can revolutionize the development of pharmaceutical products and GSK has realized it quite in time. Automation is the newer buzzword that is coming out in the field of ICT and for every manual work machines are being deployed which has increased the accuracy and reliability (ICT in Supply Chain). Recommendations: ICT Various ways in which ICT should be used by the GSK are: Automation of machines in which chemical composition of the drugs are decided and made feasible for the product development. One way of development of suitable drugs can be through design of machines in which drugs with different chemical composition are generated and are tested on various organisms instead a simulation program is designed which absolves to test on live organisms and simulate the result based on the knowledge of the past tests and helps to attain exact new drugs and in the process it is quick, less labor required, quite accurate, better in functioning, lesser carbon outputs and since no real drug use lesser usage of specimen so less killer. Automation would lead to reduction in the inventory maintenance which for any organization is a plus. To create person-specific-drugs by making machines which are easily bought or are made in the hospitals in which the bio-details of the patient or the person are taken up and are fed into the system and according to it the drugs are designed for him by keeping in proportionate the exact chemical composition of the drugs required by him and given to him so that he is able to take it up and get cured. The idea being remove the mass drug approach and go with the technology and communication devices present go for the processing of it through designated machines and prepare the drug then and there to allow the patient to survive. Purchase-designed-machines by measuring the requirement of the drugs and then according to the chemical composition decided preparing drugs for masses and it can be made out that the exact requirement of each person is different and now to take more on location-specific mass drugs and to keep purchase and setting up of laboratories specific for that area. Purchasing Costs If we see pharmaceutical drugs sold under the brand which are earning huge amount of money as they have their vendors, suppliers, factories, manufacturers, staff all are aligned in line. So purchasing cost especially in GSK which has adopted value chain based approach which has on its base concept the idealization of the product being used. It has allowed in the growth of the organization both laterally as idealization-testing-retesting-failing then again till achievement of the targeted results are achieved which are first done in the controlled laboratory environment and then it is done in the open tested on live specimens and then it is tested on many more specimens till desired results achieved and then it is mass produced and through the supply chain it is certified and allowed by designated drug related body to circulate among the targeted audience. Purchasing costs can be brought down by exploring raw material market over the globe and give the production which according to the Kotler depends on people, price, promotion, and place (Kotler, 2011). Outsourcing can be named as one of them in which laboratories can be set up near the place of raw material to maintain cost effectiveness. To keep purchasing managers at bay so as to make a procurement from the most suitable place it is necessary that they are well versed with the knowledge base as well as language proficiency both written as well as spoken allowing for the growth of industry by best and cost effective. Recommendations: Purchasing Costs Like other pharmaceutical companies GSK is also moving by selling a patented product which has its own secret formula which it has prepared through deep research which it does through hired well prepared knowledge expertise which it gains by lateral as well as entry level hiring through institutes and other places by the help of its staffing department. Its materials which are required are chemicals which it takes from well-established tested laboratories which from time and again it have acquired through the joint ventures or through assistance of local bodies or authoritative bodies. With the objective of drugs for all, quality cost effective health products, vaccination programs and target of developing markets GSK has grown manifold over a century and its world class stature is just an example of it. To maintain a pipeline and alternate channels of delivery are some of the other products that is needed to be done to keep everything in the right state. Conclusion Pharmaceutical companies need to advertise their products, break new deals, add more customers, add more products and to stay in the market make more moves in the right direction in the direction of advertising, procurement for which they need able machines and softwares and to add to it better purchasing managers which are apt in this. In this report we have also gone through in detail use of ICT and its ramifications and some recommendations which are concerned with automation of the existing and development of better to help in quickness. With technology and gain of importance of E-Commerce it has led to a need to enhance supply chain and make it robust. Media and advertising has also gain importance and it is necessary to carry out the same in better ways. I will end this report by suggesting that Purchasing is the most integral part of any industry in general and in coming time especially in the sector we are discussing it will gain more importance. Managers are required to achi eve quality of the order of six sigma and scientists are required to idealize and reinvent their activities. So value chain is the need of hour and experts of management as well as technology at various experience levels are required at various levels. References: Budnick, Frank S. 2010, Applied Mathematics For Business, Economics, And the Social Sciences, 4th Edition Tata McGraw Hill Cooper, Donald R, Schindler, Pamela S 2009, Business Research Method, 9th Edition Tata McGraw Hill Eco-desk, GSK CASE STUDY: Embedding sustainability into the business with eco-desk, Retrieved from https://www.ecodesk.com/media/blog/2014/09/30/gsk-case-study-embedding-sustainability-into-the-business-with-ecodesk/ Falcota di Economia, ICT in Supply Chain Retrieved from,https://www.economia.uniroma2.it/Public/YICGG/file/readinglist/7/ICT%20in%20supply%20chain.pdf GSK and the Decade of vaccines (2011) Retrieved from https://www.gsk.com/media/717233/gsk-gvap-long-version-vr75.pdf GSK Annual Report 2015 (2015) Retrieved from https://annualreport.gsk.com/#gsk-responsible Human Resource Career, Purchasing Manager Job Description, Retrieved from https://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/purchasing-manager-job-description-pweccl.html James, Muriel, Jongeward, Dorothy, 1978, Born To Win, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Kapila, Uma 2011, Indian Economy: Performance and Policies, 10th Edition Academic Foundation Kotler, Philip, Keller, Kevin Lane, Koshy, Abraham, Jha, Mithileshwar, Marketing Management, 13th edition, Pearson Education Ohmae, Kenichi 2013, The Mind of the Strategist: The Art of Japanese Business, 16th Edition Tata McGraw Hill Our Value Chain Approach Retrieved from www.gsk.com Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Resource Directory, Chemicals and Raw Materials Retrieved from https://www.pharmamanufacturingdirectory.com/category/chemicals-raw-materials Penrose, John M., Rasberry, Robert W., Myers, Robert J., Business Communication for Managers, 5th Edition Cengage Learning Robbins, Stephen P., Judge, Timothy A., Sanghi, Seema 2009, Organizational Behavior, 13th Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall

Media Effects On Governing Essays - Lewinsky Scandal, Bush Family

Media Effects On Governing Media Effects on Governing The mass media has played a major role in American politics since the formation of our country. So much so that it has been called by many, the fourth branch of government. Originally, media power was only vested in the papers, but today radio and television are the more prominent forms of news. Since the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, presidents have used the media to spread their views to their constituents. FDR brought us the fireside chats in one of which he requested the American people to put their money back into the banks and get our economy moving again. The media informed the nation of Richard Nixon's less then honorable means of governing and the media brought the Vietnam war to our living rooms every evening. There are even those who believe that the media chooses our presidents by deciding whether to air the good or bad things they dig up on the presidential candidates. There are two major ways the mass media effects the public. These are agenda setting and priming. Agenda setting is the way the media dictates the salience of contemporary issues. An experiment performed by Iyengar et al in 1980 showed that media does effect how important an issue is to the public. In this experiment, Iyengar showed three different groups news clippings weighted on the side of specific issues, then showed a fourth control group undoctored news. He tested these subjects before and after the showings and found that in all but one issue, the subjects had moved in the hypothesized direction. This last issue was inflation and he concluded that people just could not think this issue was more important then they already did. Agenda setting effect is important to the government, especially the president, because it leads to priming. Priming is the use of salient issues by the public to evaluate a public figure. When is comes to voting on a president, priming is second only to partisanship in importance. If you recall the 1992 election in which Bill Clinton ran against an incumbent George Bush, priming played a major role. Bush had been a popular president especially when it came to his role in the Persian Gulf War. His ratings were high throughout his presidency. When Clinton threw his hat into the ring, he began his campaign by successfully shifting the arena back to domestic affairs. One of his campaign slogans was, It's the Economy Stupid. This made Americans start evaluating Bush on his domestic stance. The economy had not been where most Americans wanted it and as a result Clinton was elected president. With the media playing such a pinnacle role in politics, it is no wonder that Presidents allocate so much of their time and resources in that direction. All presidents set up an office of press secretary. This person is a direct liaison between the media and the president. As such, the press secretary needs to be looked at as an honorable person with direct access to the president. In addition, presidents do what they can to have the press cover humanity stories, i.e. baby kissing. Just after the Monica Lewinsky scandal, in order to appear in a more favorable light, Clinton took a romantic weekend with his wife and made sure not to keep this a secret. While the President does what he can to lead the media in a more favorable direction, he is less successful at taking the helm as the press is. Nine times out of ten, when a story hits the headlines, it results in a presidential response to a media decision and not the other way around. Clinton has always been an advocate of stricter gun control laws, but not until the Columbine High School incident in Colorado was he even slightly effective at directing public opinion on the matter. However, when an issue is of substantial importance to the president, he does have a tool in which to attempt to build salience. He can go public. This is when the president appears on prime time television to educate the people on a subject. However, there are many factors involved for this to be a successful endeavor. First